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Chapter 2

City States emerged in . . .

Sumer, Egypt, & Nubia - 3500-3000 B.C.E
- produced first written language
- Egypt produced along the Nile
- Architecture produced the pyramids that are still up today
- Nubia developed South of Egypt as a distinct civilization in itself

Norte Chico - 3000 - 1800 B.C.E
- Central Peru, Small cities
- Products produced were cotton nets and they exploited rich fish
- Did not form based on on grain but planted beans and fruits
- They also used noted cords to keep track of special things

Indus Valley, & Oxus - 2200-1700 B.C.E
- Had large cities but never produced monuments that were long lasting to keep track of their cities
- Weights and measures + style in architecture
- Some religious rituals and yoga positions remain today
- They had long distance trade connections

Xia, Shang & Zhou - 2200 - 771 B.C.E
- Dynasties in China established cultural and political patterns such as centralized states, concept of    Mandate to heaven, & character based writing system

Olmec - 1200 B.C.E.
- Along Gulf of Mexico, set culture patterns for Mesoamerica through ball game and other rituals,
  also through architecture
- Last of the first wave civilizations to emerge

Not all agriculture village based societies grow into civilizations
Because the population was growing there was need for cooperation through irrigation and . defensive walls. Also because of the growth it lead to competition over land then this caused development of inequality.

Patriarchy in Practice
- Subordination to men- men felt that they had to control women sexually to make sure their offsprings were theirs.
- Men made the laws
- 2 types of women the women who was respectable and the women who was not
    -> respectable women follow mens norms
    -> non respectable women were prostitute or any women who would not bind by men norms

Mesopotamia and Egypt
- They both benefited from long distance trade
- Mesopotamia traded with the Indus Valley in the East
- Egypt traded South with Nudia
- Also they would some times trade with each other, trading different region goods
- Religion and Military was fare practices also spread through this trade

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